Volunteer plants tree
Policy

A playbook to engage more men in service

Nov 12, 2026
Alanna Williams, Shauna Daly

We need more men in service

The amount of time Americans spend volunteering has fallen dramatically in the last decade, and rates among men lag behind those among women. And yet, men are needed across a wide range of service roles, as mentors and coaches, volunteer firefighters, trail builders, and food bank volunteers.

While volunteering is important for individuals and communities in need, service to others is also a powerful means for finding purpose and connecting individuals to their community. All Americans are spending more time alone than they did decades ago, and men in particular feel disconnected from their community. Service gets us out of our own heads (and homes), develops empathy and perspective, and builds social skills. We should acknowledge that not every person is a good fit for every service opportunity, but there is a role and a need for introverts and extroverts, young and old, experts and novices, nerds and jocks: we just have to help them find it.

But too often, service appeals have not resonated with this cohort, and the individuals and organizations who need men are suffering for it. As Robert D. Putnam and Richard V. Reeves wrote, “Only 20 percent of young 4-H volunteers are men. And there are almost twice as many women as men signing up to be a mentor through Big Brothers Big Sisters. As a result, there are almost twice as many teenage boys as girls on the waiting list for a mentor — and they will wait much longer, in some cases for up to a year.”

And yet, men are more likely than women to volunteer as coaches, volunteer firefighters, and board members. But men’s motivations, pathways, and experiences in service often differ from women’s. Traditional recruitment strategies, built around care, empathy, and relational appeals, often fail to resonate with men’s identities, especially when filtered through cultural norms of masculinity. In an algorithmically driven attention economy, appeals from service organizations are competing with hyper-masculinized messaging from influencers and consumer brands. We need an updated model to reach men in our modern media and social environment.

Recruiting more men into service requires not only shifting marketing strategies but also structural and cultural innovations that align volunteering with forms of masculinity that men can embrace. If organizations want more men to engage as volunteers, they need to engage with them directly, and with messages that resonate with them specifically. Service organizations need a roadmap for how to do that, based on research and the best practices of their peers.

We need service masculinity for the modern, peacetime, secular era: a civil-society campaign calling on men to step up to serve, both because we need them and because they need the connection and sense of community, too.

How we came to our conclusions

This report is based on both interviews and a review of the literature. We interviewed organizations — including Scouting America, the YMCA, Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, the U.S. Men’s Sheds Association, the Jesuit Volunteer Corps, the Aspen Sports and Society Program, and the National Volunteer Fire Council, as well as government programs, including the Maryland Department of Service & Civic Innovation and the California Service Corps — on how they have thought about reaching men, and where they have had success and failure in both recruiting and retaining male volunteers. We also conducted an extensive literature review of how men are drawn to service, why they stay, and how it impacts them.

The suggestions in this playbook draw from both of these resources, as well as fields less traditionally used in the social sector. Consumer marketing, which has long targeted men as an audience distinct from women, is a rich resource that we have heavily incorporated here.

Understanding what drives men to volunteer

Men need appeals directed to them

Men rarely respond to generic campaigns; they are most likely to join when personally invited, particularly in person. Large-scale efforts help, but local and direct “asks” are the most effective, as are those from messengers who look like them — namely, men. Men should also be appealed to explicitly because of their unique role in modeling manhood — a role women can’t fill.

Men are looking for belonging and to feel needed

At a time when Americans are lonelier than ever, almost every volunteer-based organization we spoke to said a sense of belonging, or fraternity, was what retained their volunteers (and that a sense of exclusion was a top reason for volunteer churn). Intentionally fostering a sense of community is vital for organizations, whether through branded swag, networking, or social events.

Men have specific language that motivates them — which is often not the language used in service

Marketing research shows that many brands — including volunteer campaigns — miss men by relying on outdated or feminized appeals that do not connect with how men perceive themselves. Recruitment should emphasize values like strength, responsibility, and leadership, rather than framing volunteering as purely altruistic sacrifice.

The language used matters: studies highlight that messages stressing “community leadership,” “skills,” and “achievement” may resonate more with men than those centered solely on helping or caring. A reframed narrative of service as building, leading, and protecting could better attract men.

Men have unique motivations related to defined outcomes and recognition

Research shows that men are often motivated by instrumental outcomes (skills, career advancement, achievement) more than expressive ones (empathy, caregiving). This is not to say men lack altruism, but rather that appeals integrating self-interest and community benefit are effective. Highlighting career-relevant outcomes (e.g., leadership, networking) also strengthens recruitment and retention. Men can also be appealed to by emphasizing fun, such as Team Rubicon’s ads urging volunteers to “Get Dirty. Do Good. Volunteer.”

Organizational psychology research shows that anticipated respect and recognition are crucial to men’s decisions to volunteer. Men are more likely to respond when organizations emphasize status, expertise, and respect as part of the volunteer role, rather than purely selfless service. Volunteer management studies recommend designing roles that feel unique and mission-critical, appealing to men’s preference for distinct, skill-based contributions.

Men are eager for male spaces and mentorship themselves

Men-specific contexts — such as Men’s Sheds — have shown that creating gendered spaces where service is framed as coaching, skill-sharing, and intergenerational solidarity can significantly increase participation. These programs show that men engage more when volunteering is tied to doing (building, teaching, fixing) rather than to abstract caring.

Similarly, qualitative studies of male mentors stress that volunteering offers men social connection and identity reinforcement when structured through activities that feel purposeful and aligned with masculine norms.

Men volunteer when their own children are involved

Parents are more likely to volunteer when their own child is joining an activity that requires adult volunteers. Dads often become leaders in Scouts, and men will often coach their child’s sports teams when a coach is needed, so using existing channels — such as schools and pediatric offices — to reach men could be beneficial.

In addition, targeting fathers whose children have recently left home, and who therefore have recent experience as well as more time available, could be fruitful.

Men face unique challenges in service that should be addressed

Young men in particular have a lot of time on their hands that is not being directed toward others. The median age of fatherhood has increased by about three years over the last half-century, labor force participation has fallen, as has church and civic organization membership in recent decades. Three in five young men watch YouTube for more than two hours per day. While time commitment is frequently cited as a potential barrier to men’s volunteering, organizations can and should push back on the narrative of inadequate time, without misleading about the expected commitment (which can lead to later problems).

Being a mentor can be a significant commitment not only of time, but also of emotion and connection. Many potential volunteers are overwhelmed or don’t feel capable of serving in that capacity. Classic persuasion research suggests techniques like a “ladder of engagement” or “foot-in-the-door” — securing small commitments first — can be effective in securing a larger commitment later and may work particularly well with men, who otherwise hesitate at large, undefined commitments. Gamification has also been shown to boost male engagement in online voluntary contributions.

Men are also concerned about accusations of abusing children if they spend time with them. Regardless of the likelihood of that actually happening, the fear is an impediment to bringing more men into mentoring and coaching positions. Scouting America suggests that the best antidote to this concern is to point out that because of organizations’ due diligence, volunteers should feel more secure that robust safeguards minimize the risk of false accusations.

For many programs that rely on mentors or contact with children, potential volunteers with a criminal record are either prohibited or tightly limited. Given that, by some estimates, as many as 1 in 8 men have a felony conviction, that eliminates a significant portion of the potential pool of volunteers. It also denies those men the potentially transformative experience of service. While the safety of children must be paramount, and background checks for potential danger to children are vital, organizations should consider alternative opportunities for men with criminal records, who may have unique perspectives to share. Some programs, such as California Justice Leaders and Civic Justice Corps have used a service-as-reentry model, and Habitat for Humanity chapters have created programs to engage both inmates and reentrants. It could be beneficial for other organizations to develop specific programs to reach this cohort.


Playbook: Attracting and retaining male volunteers

MESSAGING

Appeal to Aspiration

Doing good for others is important. But many volunteers will say they actually get more than they give — in connection, in meaning, and more. Scouting America noted in our interview that its leaders gain a sense of fraternity, but that it doesn’t promote this in its recruitment. It doesn’t cheapen service to point out that it can help volunteers in other ways as well: building a professional network; increasing their social skills; finding someone to play games or go to events with; becoming more interesting at dinner parties; or building marketable skills.

  • Highlight the benefits to volunteers, including personal growth and social connection.

Reframe volunteering language around aspects of masculinity

Campaigns often “miss men” by using feminized or generic appeals. Men respond to frames of strength, responsibility, mentorship, and leadership rather than purely self-sacrificial appeals.

  • Replace “helping” with “leading,” “building,” or “strengthening.”
  • Encourage accountability, or owning the responsibility and the outcomes associated with it. Men are accountable for outcomes for the boys in their lives and in the wider community.
  • Highlight achievement and recognition (“Be the coach your community remembers,” “Lead the next generation”).
  • Frame campaigns as team-based challenges rather than open-ended asks. Market volunteering as building community, protecting others, or passing on skills.
  • Use visuals of men in action (mentoring youth, fixing things, coaching, leading teams) rather than only caregiving imagery.
  • Present mentoring as an opportunity to “give back,” leave a legacy, and be part of a solution for systemic inequities.
  • Reinforce that volunteering is an active, constructive, and respected role with long-term impact.

Highlight success stories of current male volunteers

Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) made a concerted push to recruit more male Bigs, due to the number of boys on their waitlist. While not everyone would be comfortable with the emotional responsibility of being a Big, for others it is part of the appeal. On social media, BBBS has spotlighted famous men who are supporting them and highlighted stories of male mentoring relationships with pictures and quotes.

  • “The best part about having a Big Brother is having someone to go places with.”
  • “He taught a young boy that he wasn’t alone in this world.”
  • “I think of [Chris] as another father figure, in a way, because he essentially is… like, if I’m playing my sports, he’s always there.”

Use the tactics of the consumer industry’s appeals to men

Brands like Dude Wipes, Hims, and Zyn not only know how to reach men, but also how to engage them and motivate them to take action. The nonprofit space should emulate their best practices, both in tactics and in messaging. For example, Liquid Death and Garage Beer managed to sell their product, tap into an issue being heavily debated, and be extremely funny, by urging customers to send their urine to data centers. See the Appendix at the end for more detailed ideas.

  • Humor
  • Self-reliance
  • Drive for self-improvement
  • Exclusivity

CONNECTION

Build belonging through teams

Men thrive in group contexts where identity is reinforced through belonging and shared norms.

  • Create new mentorship models, such as organizing male volunteers into teams or squads with shared goals and activities.
  • Offer networking events or career mentorship for volunteers.
  • Use rituals and recognition (jerseys or other swag, team photos, awards).
  • Frame volunteering as being part of something bigger rather than just altruism.
  • Highlight group mentoring opportunities that alleviate some of the perceived responsibility of being an individual mentor.

Connect volunteering to career and identity

Men are motivated by instrumental outcomes such as skills, leadership experience, and career pathways.

  • Explicitly market roles as opportunities to build leadership and management skills.
  • Link service to pathways into jobs or civic leadership (e.g., “Coaches aren’t just team leaders, they’re community leaders”).
  • When pairing mentors, ensure that the younger boy can “see himself” in the adult. Alignment breaks barriers on both sides.
  • Tailor appeals:
    • Young men → skill-building, career networking, “cool factor.”
    • Middle-aged men → leadership, community protection, coaching kids.
    • Older men → intergenerational mentorship, legacy roles, passing on wisdom.

Leverage male-oriented spaces and programs

Contexts like Men’s Sheds normalize volunteering through skill-sharing, peer bonding, and intergenerational mentorship.

  • Partner with sports clubs, trade unions, alumni groups, barber shops, or veterans’ organizations.
  • Create spaces where men can “do and build” together (e.g., repair projects, coaching, mentoring apprentices).
  • Use peer ambassadors — men already volunteering — to invite others personally.

ADAPT SERVICE PROGRAMMING

Diversify service opportunities: Start small, then build commitment

Men may hesitate at long, undefined commitments. The foot-in-the-door effect shows people are more likely to agree to larger asks after first agreeing to smaller ones.

  • Offer “low-barrier entry” roles (single-day events, short-term projects).
  • Use gamification to make participation fun, achievement-driven, and trackable.
  • Gradually escalate asks: from one-off activities → skill-specific roles → leadership/mentorship positions.

Explore non-traditional service arrangements

Americans are socializing less than they did 20 years ago, and that is particularly true for young people who lost out on key socialization during the pandemic and lag behind previous generations’ milestones. BBBS finds there is a demand from young adults for their own mentors and that a top barrier to attracting volunteers is people feeling unqualified.

  • Consider a three-sided mentor market, pairing a young man both with a boy to mentor and with a significantly older mentor for himself.

Design roles that signal respect and expertise

Men are more attracted when volunteering is associated with status, respect, and recognition.

  • Emphasize expertise: “We need mentors who can teach what you already know” vs. “We need helpers.”
  • Offer titles or visible recognition (Coach, Mentor, Team Lead).
  • Provide badges, certifications, or LinkedIn-verified volunteer achievements.

Follow-up projects

Building a Community of Practice: Currently, each organization is doing its own research into how to recruit and retain men as volunteers. Organizations big and small could benefit from regularly sharing insights with each other.

A Cross-Organizational Drive for Recruitment and Engagement: A shared campaign to recruit more men into service could not only allow for more experimentation and efficiency but also allow for a shared ladder of engagement. Currently, if a man is recruited into a type of service that is not a good fit, he is likely to drop out, and that momentum is lost. But there may be another organization that is better suited to him: one that is more or less social; or one that requires more or less of a commitment. A centralized organizing drive could benefit both men and the organizations they serve.

Gathering More Data: Organizations that have successfully recruited men to volunteer roles could provide valuable strategic insights for others. Big Brothers Big Sisters has made a concerted push to recruit more men, so analyzing their recruitment data could quantify how well some best practices work.

Testing Further Experiments: While based on the best practices of organizations and academic research, the suggestions in this report could be further tested using A/B testing of recruitment materials, to determine which language results in higher engagement. Additionally, using AI tools like Grammarly to rewrite existing content to reduce unconscious gendered language could be an opportunity.

Conclusion

Men are not missing from volunteering because of apathy, but because existing volunteering models and narratives often fail to resonate with how they construct meaning, identity, and masculinity. Highlighting existing male volunteers and supporters and making explicit calls to men, as done by Big Brothers Big Sisters, can successfully bring more men into the mission. By reframing volunteering as leadership, mentorship, and purposeful action — supported by organizational practices that value respect and achievement — volunteering programs can unlock untapped reservoirs of male engagement.

Acknowledgments

Thank you to the organizations that took time to discuss their experiences and share data with us:

California Service Corps
Maryland Department of Service & Civic Innovation
Scouting America
YMCA
Big Brothers Big Sisters
U.S. Men’s Sheds Association
Jesuit Volunteer Corps
Aspen Sports and Society Program
National Volunteer Fire Council


Appendix

Using consumer marketing techniques to target men for service

 

Approach: Humor
Examples: Dude Wipes
Sample Messages:

  • Studies show the #1 trait women look for in a man is kindness and understanding. Spending all day with them will give you that in buckets.
  • Nobody said coaching basketball meant you couldn’t make fart jokes.

 

Approach: Self-Interest
Examples: Headspace
Sample Messages:

  • The most proven way to find purpose and connection? [cite data] It’s not protein shakes and nasal strips. It’s service to others. Do it for them, and do it for you.
  • Want to get out of your bubble? [pic of homogenous adults] Get into his.

 

Approach: Optimization/Self-Improvement
Examples: Neuro, AG1, Alpha Brain, Zyn
Sample Messages:

  • Want to get ahead? Serving others isn’t a distraction: it builds discipline and commitment.
  • Dopamine and cortisol [playing video games] or endorphins and adrenaline [playing basketball with a kid]. The choice is yours. Sign up at [XX] today.

 

Approach: Agentic/Goal-Oriented
Examples: Hims, PMC
Sample Messages:

  • “Men don’t wait for a better world — we build one.” Guys don’t wait for someone else to fix a problem — they step up and take action. So go do it. Sign up at XXX today.
  • ZZZ percent of boys in this country are growing up without a dad at home. They [women] can’t teach our boys how to grow up as strong men for us [men].
  • Schools tell boys to be quieter. Stop fidgeting. Express their emotions. Follow someone else’s path to college. Here at [XX], we just want them to play, and grow up to be good men. Will you help?
  • “The work doesn’t need a perfect man. It needs a present one.” Big Brothers aren’t just volunteers. They’re mentors. Coaches. And leaders.

 

Approach: Difficulty/Exclusivity
Examples: Marine Corps, National Volunteer Fire Council
Sample Messages:

  • You were born to do something big. It comes in a small package. [Young boy]
  • Not everyone is up for the task of mentoring boys who need help. Are you?
  • Do you have what it takes to serve your community?

 

Alanna Williams is AIBM’s Managing Director. She was formerly with California data office & Harvard’s Opportunity Insights.
AIBM Vice President
Shauna Daly
Shauna Daly
Managing Director, the SAM Project